The distribution of farmers in India and the amount of land they cultivate is given in the following Graph. Discuss in the classroom.
Graph: Distribution of Farmers and Cultivated Area.
Source: Agricultural statistics at glance 2003: Deptt. of Agriculture and Co-operation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India.
It is clear from the above graph that in India 80 percent of farmers have less than 2 hectares of land.
These farmers cultivate only 36 percent of the total cultivated area. Contrary to it, 20 percent of the farmers have more than 2 hectare of land and having 64 percent of the total cultivated area.
The following table shows the production of wheat and pulses in India after the Green revolution in units of million tonnes. Plot this on a graph.
Was the Green revolution equally successful for both the crops?
Table 1.2 : Production of pulses and wheat.
|
Year |
Production |
Production |
|
of Pulses |
of Wheat |
|
|
1965-66 |
10 |
10 |
|
1970-71 |
12 |
24 |
|
1980-81 |
11 |
36 |
|
1990-91 |
14 |
55 |
|
2000-01 |
11 |
70 |
Let us take farmers. Each has grown wheat on his field though the production is different (see Column 2). The consumption of wheat by each farmer's family is the same (Column 3). The whole of surplus wheat this year is used as capital for next year's production. Also suppose, production is twice the capital used in production. Complete the tables.
Farmer 1
|
Production |
Consumption |
Surplus = Production -Consumption |
Capital for the next year |
|
|
Year1 |
100 |
40 |
60 |
60 |
|
Year2 |
120 |
40 |
|
|
|
Year3 |
|
40 |
|
|
Farmer 2
|
Production |
Consumption |
Surplus |
Capital for the next year |
|
|
Year 1 |
80 |
40 |
|
|
|
Year 2 |
|
40 |
|
|
|
Year 3 |
|
40 |
|
|
Farmer 3
|
Production |
Consumption |
Surplus |
Capital for the next year |
|
|
Year 1 |
60 |
40 |
|
|
|
Year 2 |
|
40 |
|
|
|
Year 3 |
|
40 |
|
|
(i) Compare the production of wheat by the three farmers over the years.
(ii) What happens to Farmer-3 in Year 3? Can he continue production? What will he have to do to continue production?
Farmer 1
|
Production |
Consumption |
Surplus = Production -Consumption |
Capital for the next year |
|
|
Year 1 |
100 |
40 |
60 |
60 |
|
Year 2 |
120 |
40 |
80 |
80 |
|
Year 3 |
160 |
40 |
120 |
120 |
Farmer 2
|
Production |
Consumption |
Surplus |
Capital for the next year |
|
|
Year 1 |
80 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
|
Year 2 |
80 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
|
Year 3 |
80 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
Farmer 3
|
Production |
Consumption |
Surplus |
Capital for the next year |
|
|
Year 1 |
60 |
40 |
20 |
20 |
|
Year 2 |
40 |
40 |
0 |
0 |
|
Year 3 |
20 |
40 |
-20 |
-20 |
Identify the work being done on the field in the following Picture and arrange them in a proper sequence.
Work on the fields: Wheat crop-ploughing by bullocks, sowing spraying of insecticides, cultivation by traditional method, cultivation by modern method, and cutting of crops.
The classification can be arranged in the following sequence :
(i)Cultivation by traditional method
(ii)Ploughing with the bullock
(iii)Cultivation by modern method
(iv)Sowing the field
(v)Spraying of insecticides
(vi)Cutting of the crops.
Why do so many families of farmers cultivate such small plots of land?
Due to the widely followed norms of separation by the families, existing land is distributed among sons, brothers and other family members.
As a result of it, many families of farmers cultivate such small plots of land.
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